In today’s world, people has fear about using stimulant drugs which are used to treat ADHD disorder. When we talk about medicines like, Guanfacine and Clonidine, the first thought that often comes to mind is blood pressure. If you are having ADHD disorder, then you might be familiar with certain stimulant medicines that are useful for managing these symptoms.
Several people do not want to take stimulants for several reasons. They may not want to risk the potential for addiction and abuse. There are various types of non-stimulant medicines available for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Guanfacine and Clonidine which are sold under the Intuniv, Kapvay and among other brand names. Both drugs are non-stimulant and have received FDA approval for treating ADHD in children, teenagers and adults.
Here in this blog post, we will discuss about the Guanfacine and Clonidine medicines, how they function, what their uses, and side effects.
Difference between Guanfacine and Clonidine Drugs
For the treatment of ADHD disorders and blood pressure reduction, doctors may prescribe these two medicines. However, they function differently which is entirely dependent on the patient’s condition, the drugs intended use and their effectiveness. These are some particular ways that helps you understand how these medicines differ from one another.
Understanding Guanfacine and Clonidine
Here in this section, we will describe about these two medicines which are more than just blood pressure pills.
Guanfacine Drug
It is a popular stimulant drug which helps in managing ADHD and blood pressure as well. It comes in a generic form and sold under the brand name Tenex, intuniv and among others. The drug comes in IR and ER dosage formulations.
Guanfacine is a US FDA approved drug which is used single or combination of other medicines to treat the symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents. In the US, it received approval for medical use in the year of 1986. The drug is also used for many off-label conditions. For example, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, tic disorders etc.
Clonidine Medication
It is an alpha-2a-adrenergic receptor agonist which comes in a generic formulation. The drug is marketed under the brand name catapres etc. It helps in managing blood pressure by lessening the certain chemical levels in the brain. You can take this medicine according to the doctor’s prescription.
It was originally introduced in 1961. But it has approval by FDA for medical use in 1966. Sometimes, it can be used together with other drugs for managing several health issues. For instance, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, high blood pressure, diarrhea and certain pain symptoms.
Mechanism of Drug Action
Clonidine and guanfacine work by activating the brain’s alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. However, they differ in their receptor selectivity and brain penetration, which explains their different side effect profiles and durations of action.
Guanfacine: This is more selective than other ADHD. Generally, it has fewer sedative effects and may be more tolerable for certain people. It specifically activates alpha-2A adrenergic receptors in the prefrontal cortex which is the part of the brain in charge of impulse control executive function and attention. It enhances working, memory, lessens distractibility etc., in patients who are suffering from ADHD disorder.
Clonidine: It stimulates alpha-2 receptors more broadly, not just alpha-2A, but also alpha-2B and alpha-2C. It is especially useful for conditions, like anxiety, hypertension and withdrawal symptoms because of its stronger overall inhibitory effect on sympathetic nerve activity. This extensive action though may result in several potential effects. Moreover, its half-life is shorter than Guanfacine which might require more frequent dosage.
Medical Uses: When are These Medications Prescribed?
These two drugs have different clinical usage patterns even though they belong to the same drug class.
Guanfacine Uses: The following are some of the conditions for which a doctor may prescribe Guanfacine.
- ADHD
- Hypertension
- Tourette’s syndrome (off-label)
- Anxiety disorders (off-label)
Clonidine Uses – This drug is primarily used to treat a number of illnesses. For instance:
- Hypertension
- ADHD
- Anxiety and PTSD-related insomnia (off-label)
- Opioid withdrawal symptoms (off-label)
- Tourette’s syndrome (off-label)
- Menopausal hot flashes (off-label)
- Sleep disorders in children with neurodevelopmental conditions (off-label)
- Autism-related irritability and impulsivity (off-label)
Dosage and Strength: How are They Administered?
There are many strengths and formulations of these medicine
Guanfacine Dosage
This medicine is always available in the form of oral tablet with its strengths, including:
- Guanfacine 1 mg
- Guanfacine 2 mg
Clonidine Dosage
It comes in a variety of formulations that include injectable solution, IR and ER tablet.
- Clonidine 0.1 mg
- Clonidine 0.2 mg
- Clonidine 0.3 mg
- Clonidine 0.17 mg
- Clonidine 100 mcg / mL
Duration of Action: How Do They Compare?
These drugs reduce the main symptoms of ADHD in head-to-head trials, guanfacine usually lasts longer and is frequently chosen for long-term treatment.
Guanfacine: This medication is commonly less sedative and better tolerated which makes it appropriate for controlling symptoms in children and adolescents during the day. These days the medication is not usually used as a first-line antihypertensive because it is milder. It is fewer sedative effects that might help with chronic anxiety.
Clonidine: Children with ADHD who also struggle to fall asleep may benefit from this medicine which has a higher sedative effect. It has a half-life of 6 to 20 hours and can begin working in 30 to 60 minutes. The medication is more effective at rapidly lowering blood pressure particularly in emergency situations or when other medications do not work properly.
Adverse Effects of Guanfacine and Clonidine Medicines
Both medicines have different side effects which are listed here:
Guanfacine Side Effects
It may cause a mild to severe effects that are given below:
- Constipation
- Irritability
- Decreased sexual ability
- Nausea
- Decreased appetite
- Breathing problems or wheezing
- Racing heart
- Fever
- Stomach cramps
- Joint pain
- Fainting
- Blurred vision
- Rash
- Slow heart rate
Clonidine Side Effects
Some adverse effects of this medicine are listed here.
- Tiredness
- Fainting
- Dry mouth
- Depression
- Constipation
- Erection issues
- Headache
- Sleeping problems
- Changes in Heart
- Stomach pain
- Hallucinations
- Severe chest pain
- Vomiting
Guanfacine vs Clonidine: which is better for adhd?
If you are looking for a less sedating ADHD medication select Guanfacine that may help you better than Clonidine. This is a long-acting option, with the dosage taken once daily. This medicine has fewer cardiovascular side effects rather than other medicine like Clonidine.
Clonidine – If you require acute symptom relief for anxiety or withdrawal, it is more suitable for you. It also helps you in managing insomnia or PTSD nightmares. If you are dealing with severe hypertension, so this medicine is more helpful for you.
Precautions
- You should not do perform heavy tasks right after taking either drugs, until you understand how they affect you.
- You must inform your doctor right away, if you experience any changes in blood pressure or heart rate after taking these drugs.
- You should speak with your doctor or healthcare provider before stopping these medications.
- Because both medications can make you drowsy and dizzy, so you may avoid drinking too much alcohol after taking them.
- Do not share the dosages of these two medicines with other patients as it may cause harmful effects.
- A healthcare provider should always be consulted before starting either medicines.
- If you have any severe side effects to these drugs, you should talk with your personal doctor about these effects
Conclusion
Guanfacine and Clonidine may have started their medical lives as humble blood pressure drugs, but they have evolved into powerful tools for managing a wide range of neuropsychiatric conditions.
In this blog, we have shared the differences between them and how they work, how they affect the body, and what they are best suited for can make all the difference in patient results.